During hand washing, hands must be rubbed for at least:

The requirement for rubbing hands during hand washing for at least 20 seconds is based on health guidelines that aim to effectively remove dirt, germs, and bacteria from the skin. This duration has been shown to be sufficient for soap to break down oils and dirt, as well as to lift pathogens from the skin surface, ensuring that they are rinsed away.

Research indicates that a 20-second duration is optimal for a thorough clean while being practical for individuals in food service and other settings. It strikes a balance between efficiency and effectiveness, ensuring that food handlers maintain proper hygiene and reduce the risk of foodborne illness transmission. Washing for less than this time may not provide the same level of cleanliness, while longer durations, such as 30 seconds or one minute, may not significantly improve germ removal and could lead to unnecessary inefficiencies in food handling operations.